Date:
- May 24, 2017
- Source:
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Summary:
- Researchers have found evidence of specific neurochemical changes associated with lower neuronal health in these brain regions. Further, they report that some of these changes in the brain may persist in individuals who receive hand transplants, despite their recovered hand function.
FULL STORY
What happens to the brain in the case of amputation of a hand? What happens with reattachment?
Credit: © Sergey Nivens / Fotolia
When a person loses a hand to
amputation, nerves that control sensation and movement are severed,
causing dramatic changes in areas of the brain that controlled these
functions. As a result, areas of the brain devoted to the missing hand
take on other functions. Now, researchers from the University of
Missouri have found evidence of specific neurochemical changes
associated with lower neuronal health in these brain regions. Further,
they report that some of these changes in the brain may persist in
individuals who receive hand transplants, despite their recovered hand
function.
"When there is a sudden increase or decrease in stimulation that the
brain receives, the function and structure of the brain begins to
change," said Carmen M. Cirstea, M.D., Ph.D., research assistant
professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and lead author of the
study. "Using a noninvasive approach known as magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (MRS) to examine areas of the brain previously involved
with hand function, we observed the types of changes taking place at the
neurochemical level after amputation, transplantation or reattachment."
Cirstea, with co-author Scott Frey, Ph.D., the Miller Family Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience in the Departments of Psychological Sciences and Neurology, used MRS to evaluate the neuronal health and function of nerve cells of current hand amputees, former amputees and healthy subjects.
The researchers instructed volunteers to flex their fingers to activate sensorimotor areas in both sides of the brain. The research team then analyzed N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels, a chemical associated with neuronal health. The researchers found that NAA values for the reattachment and transplant patients were similar to levels of amputees and significantly lower than the healthy control group.
"Previous research has found substantial reorganizational changes in the brain following limb injuries that decrease sensory and motor stimulation following limb injuries," Frey said. "These findings show that after surgical repairs, the effects of nerve injuries on the mature brain may continue even as former amputees recover varying degrees of sensory and motor functions in replanted or transplanted hands."
Due to the small number of reattachment and transplant patients studied (5), the researchers said that the results should be interpreted with caution until more work is completed.
Cirstea, with co-author Scott Frey, Ph.D., the Miller Family Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience in the Departments of Psychological Sciences and Neurology, used MRS to evaluate the neuronal health and function of nerve cells of current hand amputees, former amputees and healthy subjects.
The researchers instructed volunteers to flex their fingers to activate sensorimotor areas in both sides of the brain. The research team then analyzed N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels, a chemical associated with neuronal health. The researchers found that NAA values for the reattachment and transplant patients were similar to levels of amputees and significantly lower than the healthy control group.
"Previous research has found substantial reorganizational changes in the brain following limb injuries that decrease sensory and motor stimulation following limb injuries," Frey said. "These findings show that after surgical repairs, the effects of nerve injuries on the mature brain may continue even as former amputees recover varying degrees of sensory and motor functions in replanted or transplanted hands."
Due to the small number of reattachment and transplant patients studied (5), the researchers said that the results should be interpreted with caution until more work is completed.
Story Source:
Materials provided by University of Missouri-Columbia. Original written by Maria Platz. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Materials provided by University of Missouri-Columbia. Original written by Maria Platz. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
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